Let’s get started. In principle, ROLLUP and CUBE are similar. The difference is that CUBE does not remove columns from the right to create grouping levels. Instead, it creates every possible grouping combination based on the columns inside its parentheses. Take a look:

SELECT
  location, 
  gender, 
  risk, 
  AVG(age) AS avg_age
FROM vaccine_administration
GROUP BY CUBE (location, gender, risk);

Syntax-wise, we only replaced ROLLUP with CUBE. Let’s see what result we’ll get.