Hello and welcome to the fourth part of our SQL Practice Set! Today we'll work with subqueries! We'll start with simple, uncorrelated subqueries. (We'll revisit correlated subqueries later in this part.) Here's a brief reminder:

A subquery is a query within another query.

We can use subqueries in the WHERE clause to compare a given column with the result of a whole query. When comparing with the result of the subquery, you can use comparison operators by themselves:

SELECT cat_id
FROM cats
WHERE age > (SELECT age FROM cats WHERE cat_name = 'Kitty')

or comparison operators with the ANY or ALL keywords, if your subquery can return multiple rows:

SELECT cat_id
FROM cats
WHERE age > ANY (SELECT age FROM cats WHERE cat_name = 'Kitty')

or the operator IN, if the value of the column compared with the subquery has to be in the result of particular subquery, e.g.

SELECT cat_id
FROM cats
WHERE age IN (SELECT age FROM cats WHERE cat_name LIKE 'K%')

We can also use the subqueries in the FROM clause, and filter our rows in this way. The subquery in the FROM clause has to have an alias.

SELECT MAX(number_of_cats)
FROM 
  (SELECT breed, COUNT(*) AS number_of_cats
  FROM cat
  GROUP BY breed) breed_count